Student profile grading system

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method and means of grading students. This invention is a software application utilizing profiling techniques that when combined or imbedded with available knowledge on the human learning experience will individually evaluate each student based on their current ability and capacity to learn, by subject. Student&#39;s tests are graded electronically against their personal ability and capability profile for grade. The profile system software is applicable to many learning situations requiring a measured outcome.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/891,962, filed on Feb. 28, 2007.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING

Not applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

This application is directed to methods of determining student performance by comparison to the innate and cognitive capability of students as measured by various tests. In particular, it is related to establishing a grading system whereby the student's grade is based on the student's own individual capacity and capability.

(2) Description of Related Art

The methods of grading students, particularly through the public education system utilizes disparate standards such as ‘curve’ grading based on the comparative efforts of others within the same learning environment or grades as determined by an instructor or teacher. Such grades may be based on an arbitrary standard based on the individual teacher's philosophical view of grading. Government entities, local school superintendents, districts, school boards, etc. mandate other standards which contribute to the confusion, and lack of relevancy, in determining an individual's scholastic abilities. Historically, students have been graded on the ability to memorize information because prior to the current proliferation of information, all that a student left school with was what they could remember.

Currently, students have access to a large amount of information from a wide variety of sources, which now include the internet and other digital sources, thus requiring a change in the criteria for learning.

There exists a need for a change in the direction of education, at least in part, where the goal is the utilization of information and the assimilation of ideas. Such a change will allow for the individualization of education that will provide for the particular interests, capabilities, and needs of the student. Consequently, there is a need for a grading system that is related to that goal where the testing is based on the student's innate and cognitive abilities, so that progress is directed toward improving the student's abilities in the area of utilization of information and assimilation of ideas. This will set a benchmark for testing based on the student's ability rather than an arbitrary or dissimilar comparison.

Other's have sought to keep track of students progress toward achieving educational goals without the use of a grade by utilizing software to track students progress toward mastering educational material. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,651,071 describes the use of a data base where a student's progress against a plurality of abilities is tracked in order to receive a degree. A user interface is provided to selectively present information from the portfolio in a plurality of formats, thereby enabling a student or a faculty member to evaluate the student's progress toward mastering the abilities and associated knowledge in order to make informed plans for improvement. Though there is peer and self assessment, there is no measurement of how well the student has performed against the student's innate and cognitive abilities, that is, against what the student is capable of doing.

It is common to grade on the curve, that is, to average test scores on a class and award grades to students based on the average test scores. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,715,011 describes a calculator to facilitate an easy method of performing the calculations to rapidly assign letter grades to students. This method, though very common, does not measure the student's performance against the student's innate and cognitive abilities, that is, against what the student is capable of doing.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,760,748 mentions grading various aspects of student performance to selectable curves by use of student terminals, teachers terminals, and a computer based system. The performance may include assessments of attendance, class performance, homework performance, or the assignment of grades, and include equipment for directly transmitting student grades to administrative databases via a network. Though a computerized system is attractive for monitoring student's progress, there exists a need in the art for a system which a student is measured against innate and cognitive capabilities.

US Patent Application Publication No. 20080038708 by Slivka et al. discloses a method for creating an adaptive and customized educational environment. Though this application discloses a computerized system for collecting information and performing various statistical analysis of students, it does not disclose a method of grading a student against a personal standard. A student profile is created for the purpose of learning style, not for a grading method.

Similarly, US Patent Application Publication No. 20060154226 by Maxfield discloses a personalized learning process where student progress is tracked and monitored by a computer system. The methods disclosed are primarily concerned with adaptability and creating the most effective learning environment for the student. A grading system related to the student's innate and cognitive capabilities is not disclosed.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a software based method by which a student is profiled according to various psychological, sociological, or educational factors and the grades received for curriculum tests are structured in a relationship to that profile. The overall goal is to measure student performance to the student's innate and cognitive abilities on a particular subject.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

FIG. 1 shows a method of how the student profiled grading system modules interact.

FIG. 2 shows a student age information database.

FIG. 3 shows a student profile processing module.

FIG. 4 shows a results database.

FIG. 5 shows a student test input.

FIG. 6 shows a teacher curriculum module.

FIG. 7 shows a test report and printing module.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Current educational methods are directed toward memorization and mastery of material, i.e. intelligence, as the key to education. Grading systems have historically been set up to measure a student's mastery of the material and favor students with the ability to recall and memorize the coursework material.

With the improvements of readily available information in society, the future goal of education will need to be re-directed to intellect as the basis for learning. That is, the ability to assimilate and utilize information. Consequently, the grading system will have to be re-directed so the student's intellectual ability can be monitored and improved. That is, the student's ability to assimilate and utilize information will have to be measured.

The present invention is directed to the core of our education system by establishing a standard of measurement based on individual student ability, rather than the current standards which have been criticized as arbitrary by some.

It is important that the grading system is based not only on how well a student did on answering questions on a test, but also how well the student did against what would be expected based on the students innate and cognitive abilities profile. Such a system will provide feedback to the student and teacher as to the effect of teaching and learning based on the student's capability in each subject being taught.

Utilizing the computer, an educational profiling software may be created that will allow for the recognition of students who exceed the norm for their age group on a national bases by subject. Also, a more relational learning environment may also be utilized which has proven highly effective.

This invention relates to changing the testing function which is interpreted to be the measurable outcome of learning efforts and effectiveness as determined by a grading system. The object of the present invention is the measurement of grading is based on the individual student's ability by subject as an alternative to current methods such as grading by a curve, teacher philosophy, school standards, statewide mandates, etc.

The effect of this invention will be to redirect the current method of grading and teaching toward that end.

According to the present invention, the most practical way to monitor a students intellectual progress in an educational environment is to establish a test reference base where the student's innate and cognitive intellectual capabilities are characterized. The characterization can be performed by suitable testing that includes important psychological, sociological, and educational factors which pertain to human learning. The testing information resides in a computerized software database. The database can be used in methodology for determining a student's grade for a particular curriculum test.

Potential benefits of the present invention are:

-   -   1. Eliminates the current perceived pier-to-pier grading system.         There would no longer be competition for grades among students.         Students will be challenged against their own personal ability.     -   2. A student could fail if not performing to their capability.     -   3. Achievement is determined by a student's progress/capability         quotient.     -   4. Allows the education system to teach and monitor each         individual student based on his or her own aptitude for learning         by subject.     -   5. Works with our current education structure of class         presentations     -   6. Provides a more relevant education.     -   7. Individual progress may be innately determined.     -   8. Promotes a more interactive teaching environment.     -   9. Attendance and tests relative to each student's ‘ability         coefficient’ is the only requirement to getting a high school         diploma. It is the same as present system; however, schools may         include other criteria for graduation.     -   10. Removes the pressures and stigmas associated with having to         compete with others under dissimilar competitive standards.     -   11. Provides a frequently updated individual core profile. The         profile is not available, i.e. is secured, and is used only for         the establishment of a benchmark for testing.     -   12. Personal profile is based on factors that affect learning,         including among other things:         -   a. aptitude         -   b. age         -   c. gender         -   d. psychological attitude for learning         -   e. sociological considerations         -   f. any ethnic or social background considerations         -   g. educational factors and background     -   13. Provides teacher information relating to individual         comprehension. Provides a grade of achievement relative to         ability.     -   14. Provides the teacher on the type of class instructional         scope needed based on individual class requirements.     -   15. Provides the teacher and administrator with feedback on         teacher effectiveness.     -   16. Provides administrative information on teaching         effectiveness of the entire school.     -   17. The system works with any type of school structure, such as         home, private, and public.     -   18. Assist higher education with a better prepared student.

FIG. 1 is a detailed view of the various data bases and modules of the present invention that interact to provide the student profiled grading system. A Student—Age Information Database 101 provides for test information on:

-   -   1. Each subject being taught     -   2. Overlapping previous and next performance levels

The basic information that is tested against is at least large enough to encompass the age-appropriate curriculum. This database of information provides the subject scope that the student is tested against.

The teacher wishing to include additional information that they are working on and which will become a permanent part of the system can add to this database. This database will also contain data used to check reliability and validity of the system. This will be based on Fuzzy Logic Modeling using various statistical methods.

A Student Profile Processing Module 102 establishes the innate and cognizant ability of each student. Preferably, it is revalidated at least three times a year. The reliability is checked on each given test. All tests are graded against this base. It is the main processing module between tests and data. It is used:

-   -   a) To establish the innate and cognizant ability of each         student,     -   b) To contain validation criteria,     -   c) To provide for Reliability checking,     -   d) To establish the base from which all tests are graded, and     -   e) To utilize algorithmic functions based on a fuzzy logic         model, or other statistical modeling, for grading purposes.

The Student Profile Processing Module 102 is the core module that draws from the data base information as required to determine grading. The results of this grading will be stored in the individual student database.

A Results Database 103 stores all individual student test results and grade information, which may include information such as:

-   -   a) Class information on overall comprehension     -   b) Individual teacher scoring on class comprehension by test     -   c) Any re-training and re-testing information by class and         teacher     -   d) Progressive and cumulative information on all tests taken

A Student Test Input Module 104 is an input data base which has student input from validation tests. The tests are normally tests from course work. Typical information included in the database would be:

-   -   a) Student input from validation tests     -   b) Student tests from course work     -   c) Automatic compilation information from periodic tests

This module might include a scanning conversion module that may additionally contain student validity checking information. The scanning module may directly read in student tests to simplify testing and grading.

In a preferred embodiment, there will be at least three broad based tests given each year to establish and update the student's profile. Changes will also be made from the periodic testing to determine progress.

A Teacher Curriculum Module 105 is the course curriculum which is input by the teacher and may be adjusted as needed. The teacher establishes the teaching timeline based on the classroom progress, individual student progress, and other factors. The teacher also establishes tests based on the presented material. This input module will allow the teacher to input curriculum pertinent to an expanded or changed teaching syllabus. This module is how a course curriculum is added to database. This module also provides for an automated test makeup based on selected range or criterion when a test has been missed or failed.

A Test Report and Print Module 106 prints individual test from the teacher curriculum module. It calculates and assigns grades based on the curriculum tests. It reports on teacher effectiveness based on changes in all students taking a particular test. It reports on teacher effectiveness on all classes being taught by a specific teacher. It reports on subject retention of all students. It also reports on overall school effectiveness by comparison of grades or changes in student learning.

This report and printing module preferably includes automatic features. The module also automatically gathers information for periodic performance updating. The tests will be printed for each individual student with their own barcode identification. Student/Teacher effectiveness reports will be automatically compiled and then printed on demand.

In a preferred embodiment, the profiling module for the student is based on a best answer criterion. The factors that are tested may include a wide variety of cultural, social, aptitude, intellectual, academic, behavioral, and psychological factors. The testing questions can also be simplified based on standardized methods due to academic or institutional preferences.

In another preferred embodiment, the profiling module will be developed for age groups from the fourth to the sixth grades. Additionally, update tests are preferably given 3 to 4 times a year. In another preferred embodiment, the profiling module will be developed for age groups from the kindergarten to the twelfth grades. In another preferred embodiment, the profiling module will be developed for age groups at the college level.

The profiling module

-   -   a) Establishes the profiling criteria     -   b) Contains validation criteria     -   c) Provides for reliability checking     -   d) Establishes the base from which all tests are graded     -   e) Questions may be based on ‘best answer’ scenario or on essay         testing     -   f) Utilizes algorithmic functions based on a fuzzy logic model,         or other statistical modeling

The profiling module is the heart of the system. It profiles each student for his or her innate and cognitive abilities, and aptitude. Learning behavior, language conversion, and predictive analysis may also be incorporated. Curriculum progress tests are balanced against the student's profile. Additionally, tests may be based partly on expertise in: job/profession testing, behavior, gender, personality, career, and culture testing.

Recognized tests that are currently known in the art that would be useful in the profiling module are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Profiling Tests Academic Achievement Assessments 1. Test of Academic Achievement Skills - Revised [TAAS-R] 2. Diagnostic Achievement Battery - 3 [DAB-3] 3. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition [KABC-II] 4. School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory [SMALSI] 5. Wide Range Achievement Test - 3 [WRAT-3] 6. Young Children's Achievement Test [YCAT] Arithmetic Assessments 1. Comprehensive Mathematical Abilities Test [CMAT] 2. Test of Early Mathematics Ability - Third Edition [TEMA-3] 3. Test of Mathematical Abilities - Second Edition [TOMA-2] Cognitive Assessments 1. Cognitive (Intelligence) Test: nonverbal [C(I)T:nv] 2. Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence [CTONI] 3. Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude - Fourth Edition [DTLA-4] 4. Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude - Primary - Third Edition [DTLA-P:3] 5. Draw-a-Person Intellectual Ability Test for Children [DAP:IQ] 6. Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test - Second Edition [K-BIT-2] 7. Slosson Intelligence Test - Revised [SIT-R3] 8. Test of Nonverbal Intelligence - Third Edition [TONI-3] Emotional and Conduct Assessments 1. Asperger Syndrome Diagnostic Scale [ASDS] 2. Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning - Second Edition [ASIEP-2] 3. Burks Behavior Rating Scales - Second Edition [BBRS-2] 4. Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale - Second Edition [BERS-2] 5. Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS] 6. Conners' Rating Scales - Revised [CRS-R] 7. Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventories - Third Edition [CFSEI-3] 8. Differential Test of Conduct and Emotional Problems [DT/CEP] 9. Draw A Person: Screening Procedures for Emotional Disturbance [DAP:SPED] 10. Gilliam Autism Rating Scale - Second Edition [GARS-2] 11. Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale [GADS] 12. Krug Asperger's Disorder Index [KADI] 13. McGhee-Mangrum Inventory of School Adjustment [MISA] 14. Psychoeducational Profile - Third Edition [PEP-3] 15. Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition [PKBS-2] 16. Social-Emotional Dimensional Scale - Second Edition [SEDS-2] Information Processing 1. Ross Information Processing Assessment - Primary [RIPA-P] 2. Ross Information Processing Assessment - Second Edition [RIPA-2] Memory & Learning Assessments 1. Developmental Assessment of Young Children [DAYC] 2. Learning Disabilities Diagnostic Inventory [LDDI] 3. Learning Efficiency Test - II [LET-II] 4. Quick Neurological Screening Test - II [QNST-II] 5. Test of Memory and Learning [TOMAL-2] 6. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning - Second Edition [WRAML-2] Readiness Assessments 1. Gardner Social (Maturity) Developmental Scale [GSDS] 2. Test of Kindergarten/First Grade Readiness Skills [TKFGRS] 3. Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills [K-SEALS] 4. Light's Retention Scale - Revised [LRS-R] 5. Mullen Scales of Early Learning [Mullen] 6. Pre-Kindergarten Screen [PKS] 7. Screening Assessment for Gifted Elementary and Middle School Students - Second 8. Edition [SAGES-2] 9. Test of Preschool Early Literacy [TOPEL] Reading Assessments 1. Test of Oral Reading and Comprehension Skills [TORCS] 2. Test of Silent Reading Skills [TSRS] 3. Decoding-Encoding Screener for Dyslexia [DESD] 4. Gray Diagnostic Reading Tests - Second Edition [GDRT-2] 5. Gray Oral Reading Tests - Fourth Edition [GORT-4] 6. Gray Silent Reading Test [GSRT] 7. Phonics-Based Reading Test [PRT] 8. Rapid Automatized Naming and Rapid Alternating Stimulus Tests [RAN/RAS] 9. Slosson Oral Reading Test - Revised [SORT-R3] 10. Test of Early Reading Ability - Third Edition [TERA-3] 11. Test of Silent Contextual Reading Fluency [TOSCRF] 12. Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency [TOSWRF] 13. Test of Word Reading Efficiency [TOWRE] 14. Word Identification and Spelling Test [WIST] Remedial Activities 1. Auditory Reasoning and Processing Remedial Activities [ARPRA] 2. Handwriting Development Remedial Activities [HDRA] 3. Spatial Orientation & Sequencing Development Remedial Activities [SOSDRA] 4. Visual-Motor Development Remedial Activities [VMDRA] 5. Visual-Motor Upper Level Remedial Activities [VMULRA] 6. Visual-Perceptual Remedial Activities [VPRA] 7. Visual-Perceptual Upper Level Remedial Activities [VPULRA] Articulation Stories 1. Articulation Tales: Stories for Articulation Remediation 2. The Boone Voice Program For Children - Second Edition 3. Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing - Program for Reading, Spelling, and Speech [LIPS] 4. Peabody Articulation Decks [PAD] 5. Phonological Awareness Training for Reading [PATR] 6. Picture File 7. Question Cognition [QC] 8. Vocabulary As You Need It Speech/Language Assessments 1. Test of Auditory-Perceptual Skills - Revised [TAPS-R] 2. Test of Auditory Processing Skills - 3rd Edition [TAPS-3] 3. Test of Auditory-Perceptual Skills - Upper Level [TAPS-UL] 4. Test of Auditory Reasoning and Processing Skills [TARPS] 5. Test of Grammatical and Syntactical Skills [TGSS] 6. Auditory Processing Abilities Test [APAT] 7. Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale - Third Revision [Arizona-3] 8. Bankson Language Test - 2 [BLT-2] 9. Carolina Picture Vocabulary Test [CPVT] 10. Comprehensive Receptive & Expressive Vocabulary Test - Second Edition [CREVT-2] 11. Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing [CTOPP] 12. Expressive One - Word Picture Vocabulary Test - 2000 Edition [EOWPVT] 13. Fluharty Preschool Speech and Language Screening Test - Second Edition [Fluharty-2] 14. Goldman - Fristoe Test of Articulation - Second Edition [GFTA-2] 15. Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns - Third Edition [HAPP-3] 16. Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities - Third Edition [ITPA-3] 17. Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis - Second Edition [KLPA-2] 18. Kindergarten Language Screening Test - Second Edition [KLST-2] 19. Lindamood-Bell Auditory Conceptualization Test - Third Edition [LAC-3] 20. Oral Speech Mechanism Screening Examination - Third Edition [OSMSE-3] 21. OWLS Written Expression Scale 22. OWLS Listening Comprehension Scale (LCS) and Oral Expression Scale (OES) 23. Photo Articulation Test - Third Edition [PAT-3] 24. Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory [PLSI] 25. Preschool Language Assessment Instrument - Second Edition [PLAI-2] 26. Receptive One - Word Picture Vocabulary Test - 2000 Edition [ROWPVT] 27. Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test - Third Edition [REEL-3] 28. Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults - Third Edition [SSI-3] 29. Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language - Third Edition [TACL-3] 30. Test of Adolescent and Adult Language - Fourth Edition [TOAL-4] 31. Test of Early Language Development - Third Edition [TELD-3] 32. Test of Language Development - Intermediate: Third Edition [TOLD-I:3] 33. Test of Language Development - Primary: Third Edition [TOLD-P:3] 34. Test of Narrative Language [TNL] 35. Test of Phonological Awareness Skills [TOPAS] 36. Test of Phonological Awareness - Second Edition: PLUS [TOPA-2+] 37. Test of Pragmatic Language [TOPL] 38. Test of Word Finding - Second Edition [TWF-2] 39. Token Test for Children - Second Edition [TTFC-2] 40. Utah Test of Language Development - Fourth Edition [UTLD-4] Spelling Assessments 1. Test of Written Spelling - Fourth Edition [TWS-4] 2. Word Identification and Spelling Test [WIST] 3. Visual-Motor (Neuro-Sensory) Assessments 4. Test of Pictures/Forms/Letters/Numbers Spatial Orientation & Sequencing Skills 5. [TPFLNSOSS] 6. Test of Visual-Motor Skills - Revised [TVMS-R] 7. Test of Visual-Motor Skills - Revised (Alternate Scoring Method) [TVMS-R(ASM)] 8. Test of Visual-Motor Skills: (Upper Level) Adolescents and Adult [TVMS-UL] 9. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - Second Edition [BOT-2] 10. DeGangi-Berk Test of Sensory Integration [TSI] 11. Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration - Fifth Edition [Beery 12. VMI-5] 13. Full Range Test of Visual Motor Integration [FRTVMI] 14. Jordan Left-Right Reversal Test - Revised [JLRRT-R] 15. Koppitz Developmental Scoring System for the Bender Gestalt Test - Second Edition 16. WITH Bender Cards [KOPPITZ-2] 17. Peabody Development Motor Scales - Second Edition [PDMS-2] 18. Test of Gross Motor Development - Second Edition [TGMD-2] 19. Test of Handwriting Skills - Revised [THS-R] 20. Visual Skills Appraisal [VSA] Visual Perception Assessments 1. Test of Visual-Reasoning and Processing Skills [TVRPS] 2. Test of Pictures/Forms/Letters/Numbers Spatial Orientation & Sequencing Skills 3. [TPFLNSOSS] 4. Developmental Test of Visual Perception - Adolescent and Adult [DTVP-A] 5. Developmental Test of Visual Perception - Second Edition [DTVP-2] 6. Motor-Free Visual Perception Test - Third Edition [MVPT-3] 7. Test of Visual Perceptual Skills - Third Edition [TVPS-3] Writing Assessments 1. Test of Early Written Language - Second Edition [TEWL-2] 2. Test of Written Language - Third Edition [TOWL-3]

The above referenced test are only examples for illustration. Other tests may be used that are known in the art that would measure educational, sociological, and psychological factors which pertain to human learning. Some tests have overlapping results in different areas as their tests have implications in different fields.

Educational testing factors include:

-   -   1. Academic Achievement Assessments     -   2. Arithmetic Assessments     -   3. Articulation Stories     -   4. Information Processing     -   5. Memory and Learning Assessments     -   6. Language Assessments; Including Spelling, Grammar, Writing,         and Foreign Language Assessments

Sociological testing factors include:

-   -   1. Emotional and Conduct Assessments     -   2. Readiness Assessments     -   3. Speech and Language Assessments

Psychological testing factors include:

-   -   1. Cognitive Assessments     -   2. Emotional and Conduct Assessments     -   3. Remedial Activities     -   4. Speech and Language Assessments     -   5. Visual Perception Assessments

There are two different types of testing, the Profile testing and the Curriculum testing. The profile testing is used to determine the innate and cognitive ability of the student. The curriculum testing is the testing done on the class work or course work and is the test for which the student will receive the letter or numerical grade.

In a preferred embodiment, the student's profile may be updated to a small part based on the curriculum testing as the student acquires skills and grows older. In a preferred embodiment, the profile is updated after a student takes a curriculum test, and the students profile is updated after the student receives a grade on a curriculum test.

In a preferred embodiment, the profile testing for the students profile would include testing for:

Part (A) Age appropriate Database Score a Part (B) Cognitive Abilities Score b Part (C) Aptitude Score c Base Score Factor Profile Rating d

Part (A) questions will test overall knowledge in each field of study against age appropriate data and render a score.

Part (B) questions will test the cognitive ability of the student in each subject and renders a score.

Part (C) questions cover the aptitude of the student for each subject and renders a score.

The cumulative scores provide the final profile rating. Other built in factors are: validity and reliability check questions. Student consistency check questions may be used. The base score factor may be an average or weighted average of scores a, b, and c.

In a preferred embodiment, Curriculum Testing would include ongoing periodic course tests on current studies administered by the teacher or administration at their discretion. The curriculum test would preferably comprise:

Results matched against students profile for grade Score e Profile may be upgraded to match ongoing efforts Score f Test Grade Grade g

These tests are given as part of the normal teaching efforts, and provide the grade for the student. These tests are part of the normal coursework but are graded against the student's profile.

In the current grading system, it is normal for a student's grade to be established based on the percentage of correct answers based on a 100% system:

TABLE 1 100-97 A+ 89-87 B+ 79-77 C+ 69-67 D+  96-93 A 86-83 B 76-73 C 66-63 D  92-90 A− 82-80 B− 72-70 C− 62-60 D− Below 60 Fail

Table 1, or a similar grading system is well known. It is also common for a letter grade to be established based on a class average. That is, the average score for the class is assigned a nominal letter grade of a C (or perhaps a B, a C+ or some other grade) and all other students are graded based on their score relative to the average score.

The present invention does not utilize the method of grading based on averaging the test scores of the class.

In the preferred embodiment, the actual methodology whereby the actual student letter grade, or numerical grade, is determined for any particular curriculum test is meant to be flexible based on the dynamic nature of the databases involved. The student profile tests are assigned various numerical values, and those values are optionally weighted, based on statistical methods which are correlated to student academic, vocational, or other tested performance. Those assigned numerical values are then used to develop grading scales, which may or may not be linear, which are then applied to develop grading scales to determine letter grades for a particular test. Letter grades are only one embodiment of the present invention for those educational systems that desire to maintain continuity with previous well known, accepted, and understood systems. Numerical grades, pass/fail grades, and other kinds of grading are also embodiments of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the methodology just described varies by subject. In another preferred embodiment, the methodology just described varies for each test.

In another embodiment, the letter grade is based on the student's percentage of correct answers and a letter grade is assigned based on an adjusted range which is established based on the student's current profile. The profile may establish a different grade range for each type of test. If a student is innately better at math than at English, the test score needed for a better grade will be higher for math than English.

In another embodiment, the individual questions may be structured such that the student answers and the letter grade is developed based on the individual questions rather than an overall numerical number of correct answers answered out of a total.

Alternately, in a simple embodiment of the present invention, the grading scale in Table 1 is modified based on a student's profile to determine a letter grade.

Even though distinct modules are illustrated in FIG. 1, this is not meant to be restrictive in any way from a programming standpoint. Functionally equivalent programs could be created with only one main module, combination of several modules, or breaking down further into smaller program pieces as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 2 shows the Student—Age Information Database. It comprises:

-   -   A Total Test Content Module 201. This module or database is         cumulative content of all test information on each subject being         taught to include prescribed content from Federal, State, and         Commercial curriculum databases.     -   An Adaptive Calculation Module 202. This calculation module will         draw from national, local and current age response information         to establish range for age appropriate establishment of content.     -   Federally Mandated Curriculum Tests 203. These tests contain         content guidelines under Federal mandates to be factored into         the selection of test items.     -   State Mandated Curriculum Tests 204. These tests contain content         guidelines for each State to be factored into the selection of         test items based on student's state of residence.     -   Commercial Test Questions 205. This module will contain         commercial test questions and standards that can be selected by         those schools utilizing their curriculums.     -   Regional or School Mandated Questions 206. These mandated         questions may be selected when preparing tests as required by         individual schools to meet ethnic, religious, home-schooling         requirements, etc.     -   Test Compilation Model 207. Tests are compiled base on:     -   a. The individual student by name (will contain other pertinent         data on student)     -   b. The student's age. (may contain other personal information         affecting learning)     -   c. Test area (discipline: math, science etc.)     -   d. Type of test:         -   i. Profile Update test         -   ii. Curriculum test

FIG. 3 shows the student profile processing module. It comprises:

-   -   A Base Profile Test Module 301. This Base Profile Testing Module         constructs the three or four core profiling tests to establish         that baseline for each student. The test draws from: Age         appropriate database 202, and certain parts of the Profile         Calculation Module 303.     -   Profiling Database Module 302. This module contains         multi-discipline (socio-economics, psychology, cognitive and         innate testing, etc. information built around a Fuzzy Logic         modeling system, or other statistical model. Items will include:         Learning behavior, Attitude, Temperament, etc. to provide depth.         The proven tests and methods from the various disciplines in         learning will provide the base for this section. The results         will serve as part of the factors that go into the final         individual student baseline. Student validity and reliability         factors will be embedded within the test.     -   Calculations done in this module include:     -   The baseline for each student, by subject, is to some degree         calculated:     -   1. On the total extent of content information available, by         subject, in relation to the amount of test questions presented         correlated with the correct answers.     -   2. The value from the results of the Innate and Cognitive         testing portions of the tests.     -   3. Correlating factors of other aspects utilized in any given         test or type of test.     -   The baseline is constantly changing with the student and the         most recent test is factored against the last know profile score         of that student. The baseline changes due to:     -   1. Updating from some portions of ongoing curriculum testing         activities.     -   2. Updated from core profiling tests.

Profile Calculation Module 303. This module:

-   -   1. Calculates and rates questions from the general age         appropriate database.     -   2. Provides calculations from the historical testing activity of         the student.     -   3. Calculates results of periodic testing.     -   4. Calculates current test results against the above three         calculations to assign a grade or result factor.

The Results Database is shown in FIG. 4. It contains:

-   -   The Student Information Module 401. This is a ‘secure’ database         containing:     -   1. Student IDs     -   2. Student information     -   3. Profile Factors as captured from the Student Profile         Processing Module     -   4. Student test Results     -   Comparative Data Storage Module 402. It comprises:     -   1. Class test results with comprehension effectiveness charts     -   2. Individual and class student teaching effectiveness chart     -   3. Teacher effectiveness     -   4. Other comparative data will be calculated as requested         through the Test Report & Print Module.     -   This database is not accessible by anyone and only those factors         that are allowably requested through the test report module can         be read.

FIG. 5 shows the Student Test Input. It contains:

-   -   Teacher Selection of Curriculum 501. This provides the teacher         with the ability to select for automated preparation by ranging         the curriculum presented from which the computer will draw the         desired test questions.     -   Automatic Selection/Inclusion Profile 502. The test questions         will be drawn from the appropriate databases along with profile         update questions not at teacher's discretion.     -   Selection of Special Testing Subject Material 503. This is to         allow personalized testing against the student's profile. The         teacher will write the test questions but they will not be         stored in the main database. This will also generate questions         for testing.     -   Test Scanning and Evaluation Module 504. This module contains         scanning routines for input and recording of test results.

FIG. 6 shows the Teacher Curriculum Module. It contains:

-   -   Special Subject Profile Database 601. This module will allow for         specialized profiling and can be included in the ‘Profile         Evaluation Series’ of testing with segregated result reporting.         This will allow for special courses, religion, etc.

FIG. 7 shows the Test Report and Printing Module. It contains:

-   -   Test Report Selection Compilation (by Student) Module 701. This         module allows for reporting on student/teacher/class report         generator. This section also provides printouts on student         grades.     -   Test Report Selection Compilation (by Teacher/Admin) Module 702.         This report generator provides teacher and administration         evaluation reports.     -   Test Report Selection Compilation (by Student) Module 703. This         module collates test questions for all tests, matches to student         ID with bar coding type identification, and physically generates         tests for paper or electronic printing.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been described, the invention may be modified and adapted to various operational methods to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this invention is not limited to the description and figure shown herein, and includes all such embodiments, changes, and modifications that are encompassed by the scope of the claims. 

I claim:
 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with instructions for causing a computer to execute a method of grading individual students using profiling comprising: storing an individual personal student profile for an individual student in a student information database, wherein the individual student profile comprises an individual characterization of an innate and cognizant ability for the individual student in a field of study determined by profile testing the individual student in at least one of psychological testing, sociological testing, and educational testing, wherein the individual characterization comprises: an age appropriate ability score; an aptitude score; and an innate and cognizant ability score; establishing an individual student baseline for the individual student, wherein the individual student baseline comprises an expected performance level for the individual student in the field of study based on: the individual student profile information in the field of study; and a composition of the age appropriate ability score, the aptitude score, and the innate and cognizant ability score to create a determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the field of study; and determining a student grade for the individual student on a curriculum test by comparing a curriculum test result in the field of study against the individual student baseline in the field of study according to a predetermined criteria for determining how well the individual student performed on the curriculum test in relation to the expected performance level for the individual student in the field of study, wherein the student grade represents a level of achievement of the student compared, to the determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the field of study.
 2. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein the age appropriate ability score corresponds to a range of age appropriate content.
 3. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein establishing the individual student baseline further comprises: assigning a weighted factor to the innate and cognizant ability score; assigning a weighted factor to the aptitude score; and compiling the age appropriate ability score with the weighted innate and cognizant ability and aptitude scores to calculate a base factor score used to generate a grading scale individual to the student in the field of study for comparing the curriculum test result to the predetermined criteria.
 4. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, further comprising: updating the personal student profile for each student at predetermined intervals; and performing a reliability check on the personal student profile, when the grade is calculated.
 5. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, further comprising: storing a second individual personal student profile for a second individual student in the student information database, wherein the second individual student profile comprises an individual characterization of an innate and cognizant ability for the second individual student in the field of study determined by profile testing the second individual student in at least one of psychological testing, sociological testing, and educational testing, wherein the individual characterization comprises: an age appropriate ability score for the second individual student; an aptitude score for the second individual student; and an innate and cognizant ability score for the second individual student; establishing a second individual student baseline for the second individual student, wherein the second individual student baseline comprises an expected performance level for the second individual student in the field of study based on: the second individual student profile information in the field of study; and a composition of the age appropriate ability score, the aptitude score, and the innate and cognizant ability score to create a determination how well the second individual student is capable of doing in the field of study; and determining a student grade for the second individual student on the curriculum test by comparing a second curriculum test result in the field of study against the second individual student baseline in the field of study according to the predetermined criteria for determining how well the second individual student performed on the curriculum test in relation to the expected performance level for the second individual student in the field of study, wherein the student grade represents a level of achievement of the second individual student compared to the determination of how well the second individual student is capable of doing in the field of study.
 6. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1, wherein: psychological testing comprises at least one of a cognitive assessment, an emotional and conduct assessment, a remedial activity, a speech assessment, a language assessment, and a visual perception assessment; sociological testing comprises at least one of an emotional assessment, a conduct assessment, a readiness assessment, a speech assessment, and a language assessment; and educational testing comprises at least one of an academic achievement assessment, an arithmetic assessment, an articulation stories assessment, an information processing assessment, a memory assessment, a learning assessment, and a language assessment.
 7. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with instructions for causing a computer to establish an individual student baseline for profile grading based on innate and cognitive learning abilities of individual students comprising: a student information database, wherein: the database is configured to store an individual student profile for each individual student; and the individual student profile comprises an individual characterization of an innate and cognizant ability for each individual student in a field of study determined by profile testing each individual student in at least one of psychological testing, sociological testing, and educational testing, wherein the individual characterization comprises: an age appropriate ability score; and an aptitude score; and an innate and cognizant ability score; a student profile processing module communicatively linked with the student information database, wherein the student profile processing module is configured to establish an individual student baseline for each individual student comprising an expected performance level for each individual student in the field of study based on the individual student profile information for each individual student in the field of study and a composition of the age appropriate ability score, the aptitude score, and the innate and cognizant ability score to create a determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the field of study; a results database communicatively linked with the student profile processing module and configured to store a curriculum test result in the field of study for each individual student; and a test report and print module conummicatively linked with the results database, wherein the test report and print module computes a student grade for each individual student by comparing the curriculum test result for each individual student in the field of study against their respective individual student baseline according to a predetermined criteria for determining how well the individual student performed on the curriculum test in relation to the expected performance level for the individual student in the field of study, wherein the student grade represents a level of achievement of the student compared to the determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the field of study.
 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein: the age appropriate ability score corresponds to a range of age appropriate content.
 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein each individual student baseline comprises: a weighted factor applied to the innate and cognizant ability score; a weighted factor applied to the aptitude score; and a statistical compilation of the age appropriate ability score with the weighted innate and cognizant ability and aptitude scores to calculate a base factor score.
 10. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the base factor score is used to generate a grading scale individual to each individual student in the field of study for comparing the curriculum test result to the predetermined criteria.
 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the student profiling processing module is further configured to update the personal student profile of each individual student at predetermined intervals.
 12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, further comprising performing a reliability check on the personal student profile of each individual student when each grade is calculated.
 13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the results database is further configured to store: class information on overall comprehension; individual teacher scoring on class comprehension by test; re-training and re-testing information by class and teacher; and progressive and cumulative information on all tests taken.
 14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the test report and print module is further configured to: report teacher effectiveness based on a particular curriculum test; report teacher effectiveness of a class being taught by a specific teacher; report on subject retention by students; and report on overall school effectiveness.
 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein: the results database is further configured to store a second curriculum test result for each individual student in a second field of study; and the student profile processing module is further configured to: store within each personal student profile a second individual characterization of an innate and cognizant ability for each individual student in the second field of study, wherein the individual characterization comprises: an age appropriate ability score; and an aptitude score; and an innate and cognizant ability score; establish a second individual student baseline for each individual student comprising a second expected performance level for each individual student in the second field of study, wherein the second individual student baseline is based on the individual student profile information for each student in the second field of study to form a second predetermined criteria for each individual student and a composition of the age appropriate ability score, the aptitude score, and the innate and cognizant ability score to create a determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the second field of study; and the test report and print module computes a second student grade for each individual student by comparing the second curriculum test result for each individual student in the second field of study against the second predetermined criteria for each individual student in the second field of study, wherein the student grade represents a level of achievement of the student compared to the determination of how well the individual student is capable of doing in the second field of study. 